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Porte d'Aix (also known as the Porte Royale) is a triumphal arch in Marseille, in the south of France, marking the old entry point to the city on the road from Aix-en-Provence.〔(My Travel Guide - Arc de Triomphe de la Porte d'Aix )〕 The classical design by Michel-Robert Penchaud was inspired by the triumphal arches of the Roman Empire. The Porte d’Aix was initially conceived in 1784 to honour Louis XIV and to commemorate the Peace of Paris (1783) that ended the American war of independence. Following the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in 1814-15, the project was resumed in 1823, now to commemorate French victories in the Spanish Expedition, notably at the Battle of Trocadero, August 31, 1823. It was eventually completed in 1839, with a more general theme of victory.〔(My Travel Guide - Porte d'Aix ); (Why Travel France - Porte d'Aix )〕 ==History== In 1660 Louis XIV descended on Marseille to bring order to a city in political turmoil. His troops blasted a hole in the old thirteenth century ramparts that ran the length of the rue d'Aix between the city gates of "Porte Royale" and "Porte d'Aix". Part of the subsequent reorganisation of Marseille involved not only an increased military presence, demolition of the old ramparts, new royal shipyards (''Arsenal des Galères'') and seaward fortifications, but also a new governing body drawn from the merchant class, charged with making plans to expand and beautify the city. From an early stage these plans included the reconstruction of the Porte Royale and the removal of the unsightly overground aqueduct (''aqueduc de l'Huveaune'') in the place d'Aix at the end of the rue d'Aix: the original porte d'Aix was formed by the arches of this aqueduct.〔Pierre-Martin Roux, (''L'Observateur provençal des sciences médicales, dédié a Hippocrate'' ) (1825), page 245. (Digitized book.)〕 Numerous projects for city plans were proposed, including one by Pierre Puget, placing a ceremonial Porte Royale in the place d'Aix. Eventually in 1784 the city of Marseille decided to use the profits generated by the sale of the royal shipyards to erect a royal triumphal arch in the place d'Aix "''to the glory of Louis XIV and to commemorate the peace gloriously achieved, putting an end to the war of independence in America''".〔Archives Municipales, BB219, folio 87, Conseil Municipal, June 30th 1784: the city council petitioned Louis XVI to allow them to erect "''un arc de triomphe à la gloire de Louis XIV et en mémoire de la paix gloirieusement conclue, mettant fin à la guerre d'Indépendence de l'Amérique''".〕 Already delayed by local officialdom, the project was abandoned during the French Revolution and Napoleonic rule. Following the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy, the project was resumed in 1823 by the mayor of Marseille, the Marquis de Montgrand, under royal charter from Louis XVIII; this time it was intended to commemorate the victory of Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, son of the future king Charles X, at the Battle of Trocadero that resulted in the restoration of Ferdinand VII as king of Spain. The first stone was laid in 1825 by the Marquis de Montgrand with a dedication to the royal family.〔The inscription in French reads: Cet arc de triomphe〕 The aqueduct was demolished three years later to clear the place d'Aix.〔One archway of the old aqueduct survives in front of the modern Conseil regional.〕 The project, however, was to suffer yet again from changes in regime in France. Although the main construction work started under Charles X, it was only completed under Louis-Philippe in 1839; and, with the intervening political changes in France, the monument could no longer just celebrate the campaign of the Duke of Angoulême, but instead the more general theme of French victories. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Porte d'Aix」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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